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Functional Foods that Calm Emotion and Improve Cognition (2)

Translated by Parkson Wong

(Chinese version ¡y¹ç¯«¡B¯q´¼¤è¾¯­¹Àø»¡¡q¤G¡r¡zby Dr. Hung-Ying Shih)

Gastrodia rhizome (Tian ma ¤Ñ³Â)

Each year, during public examination times, various claims that gastrodia can help improve test scores fly high. Is there any validity to these claims? Experiments done by the China Medical College's Research Institute have shown that gastrodia (tian ma¤Ñ³Â) can improve cognitive abilities and remedy study and memory disabilities. Besides the cognitive benefits, gastrodia can also delay the onset or slow the progress of Alzheimer disease and other aging related neuro-disorders. So, what is gastrodia? - a functional food or a medicine?

Gastrodia is a very unusual plant. It contains no chlorophylls and therefore is not green in color. Lacking chlorophyll, it cannot produce nutrients through photo-synthesis as most plants do. Moreover, Gastrodia has no roots; what's in the ground is a rhizome (tuber) that appears sealed shut from the soil environment. If so, how does it get nourishment and grow?

Gastrodia is entirely dependent on a soil fungus, Armellaria mellea, for its nutrition. This fungus can develop into the fruiting body commonly called "honey mushroom(»eÀôµß)" While Armellaria destroys trees and potato crops, it does not appear to cause any harm to gastrodia; to the contrary, it feeds it. While it is evident that gastrodia benefits from being parasitized by Armellaria, it is unclear what benefit Armellaria gets from gastrodia.

The genus Gastrodia is found in warm climates, for example, in Madagascar, tropical Asia, Oceania, Japan, and China. It consists of just 20 species, five of which are found in China, the main one being Gastrodia elat (tian ma). The Chinese herb is produced in the YunNan, GuiZhou, Tibet, and Szechuan provinces (¶³,¶Q,ÂÃ,¤t); the rhizome (tuber) is the part used.

Gastrodia was mentioned by Ge Hong (¸¯¬x), a medical and Dao (¹D) writer, in his book BaoPu Zi (©ê¦µ¤l) as Ding Feng Cao (©w­·¯ó). NeiJing (¤º¸g) has stated that "wind (feng ­·)" causes dizziness and its five element property belongs to the "wood"

system. Wind is a metaphor for speed, symbolizing diseases that can happen suddenly and progress very fast with no visible wounds. Traditional Chinese medicine classifies this type of illness as "wood" and says this type of illness belongs to the "liver system." The liver meridian starts from the toe and runs all the way to the head. When the liver "wind" ascends and does not descend or when the liver "fire" flares up, the face and ears will turn red, indicative of high brain pressure; most of the brain disorders are related to the liver meridian. "Ding Feng" means "to stabilize or calm the wind." That is why gastrodia can help prevent or release discomfort caused by "wind" such as dizziness, black eyes, headache, convulsions and spasms, numbness and paralysis; all of which are symptoms caused by brain blood vessels deterioration and stroke. Gastrodia is called "ding feng cao", that means it is an herb that can calm the wind. The fact that gastrodia benefits the cognitive function and can help slow down the onset of brain diseases caused by aging is supported by modern pharmaceutical researches.

What is a safe and effective way to use gastrodia? For use in medicine, gastrodia is often mixed together with other herbs in herbal formulas and in high dosages. These medicines should only be taken with professional advice. Toxicology study with laboratory animals has found that animals developed side effects such as weakness, lack of energy, lost of appetite, and weight loss after injections of over 1 gm. of extract per kg. of body weight. To use as a functional food or food supplement, it is safe when used alone and at low dosage. A dosage of less than 5 gm. a day, stopping for a week after a week of consumption is a good safe guideline. It is even safer if only taken once a week with dosage of 3.78 m. To prepare, simmer 3.78 gm of gastrodia with 5 lotusds seeds in water. Drink the tea as a good functional food for the cognitive function.

Ganoderma lucidum (Ling zhi ÆFªÛ)

Ganoderma lucidum, whose literal translation from Chinese is miraculous mushroom, has many legends, probably because of the word miraculous in its name. It was said that ganoderma lucidum grew in really high mountains and cliffs that were difficult to get to. It is true that ganoderma lucidum is rare and hard to come by in nature, but the conditions to grow ganoderma lucidum are no different from the conditions used to grow ordinary mushrooms: a hot and humid environment. Other than our imagination, what is so miraculous about ganoderma lucidum?

Laboratory animal and cell researches have shown ganoderma lucidum to be effective in helping various functions and subsystems of our body: the central nervous system, automatic nervous system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, hormone system; the metabolic process, liver and the detoxification process, the controlling of hypertension, the contraction of the intestine muscles and the uterus muscles, and the protection of our body from radiation. Clinical studies are still ongoing to establish qualitative and quantitative measures of effectiveness.

There are more than 300 different types of ganoderma lucidum in record. Traditional Chinese medicine has recorded the green, white, yellow, red, black, and multi-colored variants. Out of all these, the red variants and the purple variants have the most documented effectiveness in clinical records. Recent research found that the spore of the mushroom is the most effective part of the ganoderma lucidum. The mushroom body itself is difficult to use and it takes a long time to extract the useful ingredients from it. It is also difficult to control the concentration and standardize on the dosage. The active ingredients extracted and isolated from ganoderma spores are: ganoderma polysaccharides, ganoderic acid, lucidenic acid, ganoderma acid, and ganodosterone oleic acid.

According to the Pictorial Guide to Chinese Medical Plants (¤¤°êÃÄ´Ó¹ÏŲ), ganoderma lucidum can help relieve neurasthenia, insomnia and digestive disorders. BenCaoGangMu (¥»¯óºõ¥Ø) says ganoderma lucidum heals weakness and fatigue; other traditional Chinese medicine classics record ganoderma lucidum as useful in treating respiratory diseases such as bronchitis, coughing and whizzing.

So what is the relationship between ganoderma lucidum and calming emotions and improving cognitive functions? Modern lifestyles are very busy and stressful. Neurasthenia, insomnia, lack of concentration, and lost of memory can result from stress and thinking too hard when the brain is not provided with adequate rest. What's happened is that we lose our ability to handle stress. The normal reaction to stress is "fight or flight." Stress become problematic when one cannot win the fight and cannot flee; causing both physical and mental fatigue. The most effective means to combat stress is to improve and enhance one's immune system. This is what's miraculous about ganoderma lucidum. From clinical studies, ganoderma lucidum helps the body adjust to the pressure situations and enhance the immune system.

According to traditional Chinese medicine classics, the property of ganoderma lucidum is neutral and the taste, sweet. In reality, it tastes bitter, and has only a very slight taste of sweetness. Most people will add sugar to sweeten it, not knowing that sugar is actually harmful to neurasthenia patients. The best way to prepare ganoderma lucidum is to simmer the spores or the mushroom in water. Since it is not easy to extract the active ingredients from ganoderma lucidum, we recommend simmering it with water for at least five to six hours. After that, turn up the heat to reduce the liquid for easier storage. You can dilute it with water again before use. Each time consume quantity equivalent to about 3.78 gm of ganoderma lucidum. ¡ò

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Garnished Tofu

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Ingredients: Tofu (regular) 1 box (14 oz) Red pepper ¼
Fresh shitake mushroom 1 Chopped ginger 1 Tbsp
Brown/cremini mushroom 5 Olive oil 2 tsp +1tsp
Cilantro (or Italian parsley) 9 sprigs
Seasoning: A: 1. Chinese black vinegar 2 Tbsp 2. Water 2 Tbsp
3. Soy sauce ½ tsp 4. Sugar ¼ tsp
Chinese black vinegar 1 ½ Tbsp Water ½ Tbsp
Sesame oil ⅛ tsp(optional)
Procedure:
  1. Steam tofu for 5 minutes. Drain and discard the water. Cut tofu into 1¾ in x 1 in cubes (about ½ Inch thick). Let it cool, drain again. Set aside.
  2. Wash all ingredients. Chop ginger, cilantro (or Italian parsley) finely. Dice shitake mushroom and red pepper. Cut the end of cremini mushroom's stem off and slice the remaining.
  3. Add 2 tsp of olive oil in a wok, with medium heat, stir fry steamed tofu gently until slightly yellow on both sides. Place tofu in a plate, set aside.
  4. Add 1 tsp of olive oil in the wok, stir fry ginger until fragrant. Add shitake mushroom and red pepper. Stir fry a little. Add mixture of seasoning A, tofu, simmer under medium heat. Gently turn tofu pieces so that they could absorb the flavor on both sides. When the sauce is almost gone, add cremini mushroom, 1 ½ Tbsp of black vinegar and ½ Tbsp of water. Stir fry until the mushroom just becomes tender. Turn off heat. Add cilantro (or Italian parsley), mix evenly. Sprinkle sesame oil. Ready to serve.
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EHVA Recipe

Oatmeal-Raisin Bread

Ingredients: Buttermilk 1¼ cup (10 oz) Salt ½ tsp
Regular uncooked oatmeal(rolled oats ) ½ cup (2 oz) Sugar ½ cup (4 oz)
All purpose plain flour 1½ cup (6 oz) Melted unsalted butter ½ cup (4 oz)
¡@ Ground cinnamon 1 tsp Eggs 2
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¡@ Baking powder 1 tsp Baking soda 1 tsp
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Procedure:
  1. In a large bowl, stir the buttermilk and oatmeal. Let stand for 30 minutes.
  2. Preheat oven to 350 F. Grease and flour a medium (8 ½ inch) loaf pan.
  3. In a small bowl, stir together the flour, cinnamon, ginger, baking soda, baking powder and salt. Set aside.
  4. Add sugar, butter, eggs and raisins to the oatmeal mixture and beat until blended.
  5. Add the combined dry ingredients and beat just until blended.
  6. Spread evenly in the prepared pan. Bake until a toothpick inserted in the center of the loaf comes out clean, about 55-65 minutes.
  7. Cool in the pan for 10 minutes. Put the bread on a wire rack to cool completely.
Servings: Make one medium loaf
Notes: From Williams-Sonoma's Cookbook
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EHVA Recipe Seaweed with Garbanzo Bean
Ingredients: Seaweed(kelp shreds) Carrot String bean Vegetable stock 1 oz 1/5 pc

2 oz 2 cups

Cooked garbanzo bean (chickpea) Onion Soy sauce 5 oz ½ pc

1 Tbsp

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Procedure:
  1. Rinse kelp shreds; drain; set aside. Peel onion, scrub carrot, and remove ends of string beans. Wash onion and carrot; shred to matchstick sizes. Cut each string bean diagonally into 4-5 pieces.
  2. Bring vegetable stock into a boil; add kelp shreds, onion and carrot. Cook until they become tender.
  3. Add soy sauce and string beans. Simmer for another minute. Ready to serve.
Servings: 4 persons
Notes:
  1. Wet Kelp shreds (seaweed) are available in the market. If dried kelp is used, rinse and soak kelp until soft. Shred kelp into matchstick sizes. Save the kelp water as part of vegetable stock.
  2. Preparation for cooked garbanzo bean: Soak dried garbanzo bean in water for 12 hours; drain. Cook soaked garbanzo bean in enough water until soft. If canned garbanzo bean is used, make sure to select one without any additive.

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Broccoli with Cherry Tomato

Ingredients: Cherry tomato Olive oil 6 oz 1 Tbsp Broccoli spears Salt 12 oz ¼ tsp
Preparation:
  1. Wash broccoli spears, cut into bite size. Blanch in boiling water for 1 minute. Drain and set aside.
  2. Wash cherry tomatoes, cut each into halves.
Procedure:
  1. Add 1 Tbsp of olive oil, cherry tomatoes in a wok. Stir fry for 1 minute with medium high heat.
  2. Turn to medium heat. Add blanched broccoli spears in the wok; stir fry for another 1 minute.  Turn heat off. Add salt and mix evenly. Ready to serve.
Servings: 4 persons
Note: There is a synergistic effect when broccoli is cooked with tomato.

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08/27 Saratoga Library ªø«C¨­Åé½Õ¾i¯Z²Ä¤GÁ¿
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10/01/06 Sun. 1:15-4:15 pm the Community Room of Saratoga Library
13650 Saratoga Ave., Saratoga
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10/14/06 Sat. 7:00-9:00 pm

Healthy Start workshop sponsored with "Organization of Special Needs Families"

Talk: Vegetarian Diet for Everyone
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Every Tuesday 10:00-11:00am

Palo Alto ¦Ñ¤H¤¤¤ß Avenidas Senior Center
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