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°£¤F«¢¦ò¤j¾Çªº°·±d¶¼¹ª÷¦r¶ð¥~¡A©|¦³¨È¬w¡B ©Ô¤B¡B¦a¤¤®ü¡B¯À¹ªÌª÷¦r¶ð¡A ³o¨Ç¤]³£¬O¦nªº¹ª««ü¼Ð¡A ¥u¬O°·±d¶¼¹ª÷¦r¶ð©Ò®Ú¾Úªº¬ã¨s¤ñ¸û¼sªx¡A ¦Ó¥B¤£¬O°w¹ï¬YÓ±Ú¸s¡C Yn§ó¤F¸Ñ¸Ô²Ó¤º®e¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\Simon ¤Î Schuster ©Ò¥Xª©ªº¡¨«¢¦òÂå¾Ç°|°·±d¶¼¹«ü«n¡¨¡qEat, Drink, and Be Healthy: The Harvard Medical School Guide to Healthy Eating.¡r¡ò Chronotherapy and DiabetesTranslated by Parkson Wong(Chinese version®É¶¡Âå¾Ç»P¿}§¿¯f by Dr. Hung-Ying Shih, was published on EHVA Newsletter 26, June, 2004)Chronotherapy was practiced in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) since its very early days. Huang Di Nei Jing (The Yellow Emperor¡¦s Classic of Internal Medicine) has stated that ¡§humans are part of the universe (the heaven and the earth) and are influenced by the motion of celestial bodies, especially those of the sun and the moon.¡¨ It further indicates that, ¡§humans live on the earth but are also at the mercy of the other elements, heaven, sun and moon; human must harmonize with the environment in order to survive.¡¨ The theory behind chronotherapy has played an important role in TCM and its practice has proven results. Chronotherapy has also been an actively researched area in modern western medicine as well. The first suggestion that chronobiologic rhythms are built into living creatures came from French scientist J.J. de Mairan in 1729. De Mairan wondered whether the heliotrope plant, which turns on its stem to face toward the sun, would stop its movements in constant darkness. To his surprise, the plant continued its daily motions, just as though it were following the sun's movement across the sky. Researchers have found biorhythms exist in different plants and insects. The Society for Research on Biological Rhythms (http://www.srbr.org) was formed in 1987 to promote the advancement of basic and applied research in all aspects of biological rhythms. Since then, a lot of research reports have validated the existence of biorhythms and the role biorhythm could play in human health. Chronotherapy is being used or studied for various diseases such as asthma, cancer treatment, cancer surgery, arthritis, high blood pressure, and stomach and intestine ulcers. The area in which chronotherapy is most advanced--drug chronotherapy--for the most part does not involve new medicines but using old ones differently. Some of the simple changes that may reap enormous benefits are revising the dosing schedule, reformulating a drug so its release into the bloodstream is delayed, or using programmable pumps that deliver medicine at precise intervals. Drugs that are reformulated as chronotherapeutics are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration. These important discoveries lead to a better understanding of the human homeostasis feedback control system. The rhythmic changes of the environment have profound influence on human body functions. Through homeostasis feedback control, human has established an obvious sleep-awake cycle. Biorhythms are also observed in different physiological functions: organ metabolism rates, hormonal level variations, and cell reactions to medication. Circadian are the biological rhythm having a period of 24 hours. Circatrigintan are cycles that recur every month. These rhythms are heavily influenced by the motions of the earth, the moon, and the sun. Nei Jing stated how sicknesses of different organs are influenced by the four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. For example, liver diseases usually start during spring time, and heal in summer. If it does not heal by the end of summer, it will get worse and become a lot more serious in autumn. If the patient survives, the liver diseases will continue into the winter but will stabilize. A western medical study of 1048 organ failure caused death finds that spleen failures occur mostly between 1am to 3 am, lung failures occur mostly between 11 am to 1 pm, liver failures occur mostly between 5 am to 7 am, and heart failures occur mostly between 5 pm to 7 pm. These researches validate the TCM periodic meridian circulation theory. During a particular time period of the day, the ¡§blood and qi¡¨ circulation will be strongest at one particular organ and its ability to fight diseases will increase, on the other hand the circulation will be weaker at another organ and that organ¡¦s ability to resist disease will be lowered. Similar idea is being applied in western medicine and is known as chronotherapeutics. Table I: Meridian circulation chart
From the table, we can tell that the stomach meridian is most active at 7:00 to 9:00 a.m. At this time, the stomach is active and the secretion of insulin reaches its peak between 9:00 to 11:00 a.m. (the time when the spleen meridian is most active), and it becomes weaker at night. On the other hand, the liver meridian is most active from 1:00 to 3:00 a.m., the time we are sleeping. The good eating habit we promote: a hearty breakfast, lunch witn good source of protein, and a light dinner with mostly vegetables; is based on solid chronobiology theories. Additionally, a healthy lifestyle includes: taking medicine in the morning, having a good breakfast, having a light dinner; and doing mild exercise until sweating lightly before going to bed. This will help diabetes patients control the disease. ¡ò
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