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Chronotherapy and Diabetes

Translated by Parkson Wong

(Chinese version®É¶¡Âå¾Ç»P¿}§¿¯f by Dr. Hung-Ying Shih, was published on EHVA Newsletter 26, June, 2004)

Chronotherapy was practiced in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) since its very early days. Huang Di Nei Jing (The Yellow Emperor¡¦s Classic of Internal Medicine) has stated that ¡§humans are part of the universe (the heaven and the earth) and are influenced by the motion of celestial bodies, especially those of the sun and the moon.¡¨ It further indicates that, ¡§humans live on the earth but are also at the mercy of the other elements, heaven, sun and moon; human must harmonize with the environment in order to survive.¡¨

The theory behind chronotherapy has played an important role in TCM and its practice has proven results. Chronotherapy has also been an actively researched area in modern western medicine as well. The first suggestion that chronobiologic rhythms are built into living creatures came from French scientist J.J. de Mairan in 1729. De Mairan wondered whether the heliotrope plant, which turns on its stem to face toward the sun, would stop its movements in constant darkness. To his surprise, the plant continued its daily motions, just as though it were following the sun's movement across the sky. Researchers have found biorhythms exist in different plants and insects. The Society for Research on Biological Rhythms (http://www.srbr.org) was formed in 1987 to promote the advancement of basic and applied research in all aspects of biological rhythms. Since then, a lot of research reports have validated the existence of biorhythms and the role biorhythm could play in human health. Chronotherapy is being used or studied for various diseases such as asthma, cancer treatment, cancer surgery, arthritis, high blood pressure, and stomach and intestine ulcers. The area in which chronotherapy is most advanced--drug chronotherapy--for the most part does not involve new medicines but using old ones differently. Some of the simple changes that may reap enormous benefits are revising the dosing schedule, reformulating a drug so its release into the bloodstream is delayed, or using programmable pumps that deliver medicine at precise intervals. Drugs that are reformulated as chronotherapeutics are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.

These important discoveries lead to a better understanding of the human homeostasis feedback control system. The rhythmic changes of the environment have profound influence on human body functions. Through homeostasis feedback control, human has established an obvious sleep-awake cycle. Biorhythms are also observed in different physiological functions: organ metabolism rates, hormonal level variations, and cell reactions to medication. Circadian are the biological rhythm having a period of 24 hours. Circatrigintan are cycles that recur every month. These rhythms are heavily influenced by the motions of the earth, the moon, and the sun. Nei Jing stated how sicknesses of different organs are influenced by the four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. For example, liver diseases usually start during spring time, and heal in summer. If it does not heal by the end of summer, it will get worse and become a lot more serious in autumn. If the patient survives, the liver diseases will continue into the winter but will stabilize. A western medical study of 1048 organ failure caused death finds that spleen failures occur mostly between 1am to 3 am, lung failures occur mostly between 11 am to 1 pm, liver failures occur mostly between 5 am to 7 am, and heart failures occur mostly between 5 pm to 7 pm. These researches validate the TCM periodic meridian circulation theory. During a particular time period of the day, the ¡§blood and qi¡¨ circulation will be strongest at one particular organ and its ability to fight diseases will increase, on the other hand the circulation will be weaker at another organ and that organ¡¦s ability to resist disease will be lowered. Similar idea is being applied in western medicine and is known as chronotherapeutics.

Table I: Meridian circulation chart

7-9 am  Stomach

meridian

9-11 am  Spleen meridian 11-1 pm Heart meridian 1-3 pm Little intestine meridian
Use, replenish Use Use, replenish Use
Large intestine meridian Nourish (rest), eliminate ¡@

Rise and work

     

     

Rest

¡@

Transition

(use and nourish)

3-5 pm
5-7 am Bladder meridian
Lung meridian Nourish (rest), eliminate Transition (use and nourish) 5-7 pm
3-5 am Kidney meridian
Nourish (rest), eliminate Nourish (rest), eliminate Nourish (rest), eliminate Replenish
1-3 am Liver meridian 11-1 am Gallbladder meridian 9-11 pm Triple heater meridian 7-9 pm Pericardium meridian

From the table, we can tell that the stomach meridian is most active at 7:00 to 9:00 a.m. At this time, the stomach is active and the secretion of insulin reaches its peak between 9:00 to 11:00 a.m. (the time when the spleen meridian is most active), and it becomes weaker at night. On the other hand, the liver meridian is most active from 1:00 to 3:00 a.m., the time we are sleeping. The good eating habit we promote: a hearty breakfast, lunch witn good source of protein, and a light dinner with mostly vegetables; is based on solid chronobiology theories. Additionally, a healthy lifestyle includes: taking medicine in the morning, having a good breakfast, having a light dinner; and doing mild exercise until sweating lightly before going to bed. This will help diabetes patients control the disease. ¡ò

-----------------

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EHVA Recipe      

Low glycemic pumpkin muffin

Ingredients:

Oat flour

3 cups

Canned pure pumpkin paste

1¼ cup

Chinese barley flour (Barley flour)

1¼ cup

Fresh yama-imo paste

1cup

Buckwheat flour

¾ cup

Lecithin

1¼ cup

Macadamia nuts

1¼ cup

Molasses

¼ cup

Baking powder

2 tsp

Orange peel juice

1½ cup

Baking soda

1 tsp

Black sesame

2 Tbsp

Preparation:

  1. Put two pieces of rinsed dried orange peel in a pot; add 1 ½ cups of water. Bring it to a boil and let it simmer for 5 minutes. Discard the orange peel. Add water to the remaining orange peel juice to make 1 ½ cup.
  2. Rinse and peel fresh yama-imo. Cut into small cubes. Grind yama-imo into paste with a blender. Mix yama-imo paste, pumpkin paste, lecithin, molasses and orange peel juice well and pour the mixture in a bowl.
  3. Chop macadamia nuts coarsely.
  4. Lightly grease the muffin cups or line with paper bake cups (24 cups).
  5. Preheat oven at 375 degrees F for 5 minutes.

Procedure:

  1. In a large bowl, mix oat flour, Chinese barley flour, buckwheat flour, baking powder and baking soda thoroughly. Sift the dry mixture twice. Add wet mixture from Preparation (2) to the sifted dry mixture. Use hand or spatula to mix it into sticking dough, add in the chopped macadamia nuts.
  2. Fill the cups in Preparation (4) 80 percent full.
  3. Bake in a 375 degree F oven for about 45 minutes or till golden. Remove from pans. Ready to serve.

Servings:

20-24

Note:

  1. If fresh yama-imo is not available, use a mixture of ⅜ cup of dry yama-imo powder and ¾ cup of water instead.
  2. Chinese Barley flour is preferable to barley flour. Dried orange peel is excellent for digestion.
  3. For black sesame seeds lovers, sprinkle some black sesame seeds on top of the dough in the cup and press it with a wet spoon. To ensure the low glycemic effect, please do not add other ingredients besides black sesame seeds.


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EHVA Recipe 

Flavored scallion

Ingredients:

Shredded Scallion

8 oz

Seasoning:

A: White pepper

¼ tsp

Ginger juice

1 Tbsp

Apple cider

1 Tbsp

Honey

1 Tbsp

B: Sesame oil

½ Tbsp

Soy sauce

2 Tbsp

Black vinegar

1 tsp

Maple syrup

1 tsp

Procedure:

  1. Turn to medium high heat; add sesame oil in a wok. When it smells fragrant, add soy sauce. When the soy sauce starts bubbling, add vinegar and maple syrup. Mix well and turn off heat. Let it cool for later use.
  2. In a bowl, mix white pepper, apple cider, honey and ginger juice. Sprinkle it on scallion. Let it marinate for 5 minutes. Add sauce from Procedure 1. Mix well and ready to serve.

Note:

You can get ready-shredded scallion from Korean market.


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EHVA Recipe

Lotus root salad

Ingredients:

Lotus Root

2 lb

Seasoning:

A: Coarse Sea salt

1 Tbsp + 1 tsp

B: White peppercorn

½ tsp

Ginger juice

2 Tbsp

Apple cider

4 Tbsp

Honey

2 Tbsp

Procedure:

  1. Peel the skin of lotus root, rinse and slice into thin pieces (Not too thin lest it should break). Soak the lotus root pieces in salty water for 5 minutes. Rinse and drain.
  2. Marinate the lotus root pieces with coarse sea salt for 30 minutes. Rinse for 2-3 times and drain.
  3. Mix white peppercorn, honey, apple cider and ginger juice well. Add above lotus root pieces to the mixed seasoning. Mix well again. Store in refrigerator for 2-3 days before consumption. (Note: bring it out everyday to mix it so that the lotus root will be evenly covered by the seasoning.)



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EHVA Recipe

Black fungus drink

Ingredients: Dried black fungus (white back species) 1 1/3 lb Dried ginseng fibrous roots
Dried shitake mushroom
1 tiny bunch
8 (large)
Dried red dates
Ginger slices
1 small bowl (16 pieces)
 8-10 slices
Water As required in the recipe
Preparation:
  1. Rinse and soak black fungus in hot water for 30-60 minutes until fungus are softened. Separate the black and white parts of fungus by hand. Tear fungus into small pieces.
  2. Blanch red dates in hot water for 1 minute. Discard the water. Save the red dates for later use.
  3. Rinse and soak dried shitake mushroom for 30 minutes. Discard the water.
  4. Rinse dried ginseng fibrous roots.
Procedure:
  1. In a large pot, add fungus pieces and all the other prepared material. Add water so that the volume ratio of water to solid is 3 to 1. Bring it to a boil over high heat. Turn to medium low heat and let it simmer. Stir it frequently when the soup becomes viscous. Simmer for 5-6 hours until the red dates and ginseng fibrous roots are dissolved. (In the cooking process, be sure to add water to keep the volume ratio since water will evaporate constantly.)
  2. Filter the above soup to obtain clear fungus drink. Save the solids for later use.
  3. Repeat procedure 1, using the solids from procedure 2. The volume ratio of water to solid will be 2.5 to 1 for the second time. Cook for 4 hours. Again, filter the soup to obtain clear fungus drink.
  4. Combine the fungus drink from procedure 2 and 3. Heat up the drink and let it cool.
  5. Bottle the cooled drink with freezer safe material and stored them in freezer. Thaw the fungus drink in refrigerator the night before. Warm the drink before consuming the next day.
Note: The fungus drink will help soften our blood vessel and lower blood pressure.
Use Dangsen (Dang Shen) instead of Ginseng for people with high blood pressure.
Use half of the red dated for people with Diabetes.

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